A new lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone from Chloranthus japonicus

Chromatographic fractionation of the EtOH extracts of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Chloranthus japonicus, has led to the isolation of a new lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone derivative (1). Rosmarylchloranthalactone E (1), which consists of lindenane sesquiterpenoid lactone and rosmarinic acid moieties linked via an ester bridge, was structurally elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS data. Compound 1 was a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.96 ± 0.04 μM.     

野茉莉叶水提物抑菌、抗炎及止咳作用的实验研究

目的：探讨野茉莉叶水提物抑菌、抗炎及止咳作用,验证其相关功效,为该药的临床应用提供参考依据。方法：通过体外抑菌实验观察其抑菌作用,通过大鼠棉球植入实验、足趾肿胀实验和小鼠耳廓肿胀实验等评价其抗炎作用,通过小鼠氨水引咳实验评价其镇咳作用。结果：野茉莉叶水提物可抑制大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、沙门氏菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,但对白色念珠菌的生长无抑制作用;野茉莉叶水提物高剂量明显降低大鼠棉球植入肉芽肿净重;低、高剂量均明显甚至显著抑制角叉菜胶引起的大鼠足趾肿胀,并能明显甚至显著改善二甲苯涂布引起的耳廓肿胀;中、高剂量均显著延长氨水引发的咳嗽潜伏期,低、中、高剂量组均显著减少氨水引发的咳嗽次数。结论：本实验条件下,野茉莉叶水提物具有抑菌、抗炎及止咳的功能,与其相关的中医临床功效及主治相符,为其临床应用提供了一定的实验依据。     

Fate of Worn‐Out Functional Teeth in the Upper Jaw Dentition of Sicyopterus japonicus (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) During Tooth Replacement

Mochizuki and Fukui (Jpn J Ichthyol 30 ( 1983 ) 27–36) studied the development and replacement of the upper jaw teeth in a Japanese fish species, Sicyopterus japonicus (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae), and they reported that worn‐out functional teeth in the upper jaw were not shed outside the skin but were taken into the soft tissue of the upper jaw and completely resorbed there. To date, however, this phenomenon appears poorly documented. Furthermore, the mechanism for the resorption of these teeth remains to be determined. In this study, we examined this phenomenon by using 3D microcomputed tomography (m‐CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and various techniques of light (LM) and electron (EM) microcopy. This study demonstrated that the upper jaw dentition of this fish was more or less simultaneously replaced with the replacement occurring during short time periods and that the lingual movement of the replacement teeth to the functional tooth position advanced simultaneously in a given row. Furthermore, our study also revealed that many worn‐out functional teeth were engulfed by the oral epithelium, invaginated into the lingual shallow ditch of the premaxilla, and were resorbed/degraded completely by numerous foreign body giant cells rather than by odontoclasts during periods of at least three intervals of tooth replacement. The complete resorption/degradation of worn‐out functional teeth in the soft tissue of the upper jaw suggests the possibility of the reuse of their components (minerals such as Ca and P, including Fe) for rapid and successional production of new replacement teeth in the upper jaw of adult S. japonicus. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:111–124, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

La Crosse Virus in Aedes japonicus japonicus Mosquitoes in the Appalachian Region,United States

La Crosse virus (LACV), a leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in children in the United States, is emerging in Appalachia. For local arboviral surveillance, mosquitoes were tested. LACV RNA was detected and isolated from Aedes japonicus mosquitoes. These invasive mosquitoes may significantly affect LACV range expansion and dynamics.     

仿刺参糖氨聚糖的特异性免疫的调节作用的研究△

目的 研究了仿刺参糖氨聚糖(HGAG)对小鼠特异性免疫功能的影响,探讨其对小鼠的特异性免疫的作用。方法 不同浓度的HGAG与小鼠脾细胞悬液共培养44h, MTT法检测;将昆明种小鼠,8只／组,4组,空白组注射生理盐水和HGAG组(0.1,1,10mg.kg_-1),每天给药,第1 d将全部小鼠腹腔注射压积SRBC,4d后观察小鼠足趾肿胀程度;5 d后小鼠摘眼球取血,540nm测OD值,计算半数溶血值(HC50);将小鼠处死,取脾制成单细胞悬液经培养,413 nm测OD值,检测抗体生成细胞数。结果 HGAG在0.05~25μg.mL_-1范围内能明显促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖,与空白相比差异具有显著性(P <0.05),与阳性组相比在0.5~10 μg.mL_-1范围内有显著促进作用(P <0.05),在HGAG浓度为1μg.mL_-1时促进增殖作用达到最高;HGAG在低、中、高剂量组均能促进小鼠迟发性变态反应,且随着剂量浓度的增加而增高(P<0.05);显著提高血清溶血素及抗体生成细胞数(P<0.05)。HGAG对正常小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫均有明显的增强作用,进一步说明HGAG在特异性免疫方面具有一定的调节作用。     

膨大素对川麦冬生长发育及其产量和质量的影响

目的研究膨大素对川麦冬生长发育及其产量、质量的影响。方法在收获期随机采样测定川麦冬的生物学性状及产量,用SPSS软件分析川麦冬生物学性状与产量的相关性规律;用UV法测定川麦冬中的总皂苷,考察膨大素的施用量和施用方式对其质量的影响。结果川麦冬的植株生物学性状(除块根直径、株高外)对产量均有显著影响,影响程度为单株块根重>块根数>分蘖数>块根长>百粒重>冠幅。膨大素能促进川麦冬植株地上部分的生长,明显增加块根数、单株块根重,显著提高川麦冬的产量;除低剂量外,膨大素降低了川麦冬总皂苷的含量,且随着剂量的增加,作用越强。结论膨大素能促进川麦冬的生长发育,显著提高川麦冬的产量,且与多效唑分段合用时效果更佳。不同剂量膨大素对川麦冬总皂苷含量的影响差异较大,低剂量有利于川麦冬总皂苷的积累。     

A new labdane-type diterpenoid from Leonurus japonicus

Five fractions prepared from the crude extract of Leonurus japonicus were examined in order to determine their cytotoxic potential. Under the bioassay guidance, a new labdane-type diterpenoid (1), and nine known ones (2–10) along with a seco-labdane (11) were isolated from the aerial parts of Leonurus japonicus. The structure elucidation was primarily based on comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR methods. Compound 4 (6β-hydroxy-15,16-epoxylabda-8,13(16),14-trien-7-one) exhibited potential cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line (IC₅₀ = 23.75 μM).     

Leonurine: From Gynecologic Medicine to Pleiotropic Agent

Leonurus japonicus Houtt, a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, has been widely used to cure gynecological diseases, such as incomplete abortion and menoxenia. Leonurine, a major active alkaloid compound only be found in Leonurus japonicus Houtt, has been successfully extracted and purified. Recent evidence has shown that leonurine can regulate a variety of pathologic processes including oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and multiple metabolic disorders. Here, we have reviewed the pharmacological actions and biological functions of leonurine, with a focus on the role of leonurine in the amelioration of various pathological processes. Insights into the related signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms have strengthened our understanding on the function of leonurine in the alleviation of multiple pathological states. Our summary of the existing researches should help direct future research into the basic science and clinical applications in related diseases.     

竹节参总皂苷对类风湿性关节炎大鼠的抗炎作用及其机制研究

目的观察竹节参的有效成分竹节参总皂苷（TSPJ）对类风湿性关节炎大鼠（RA）抗炎效果,并探讨其抗炎机制。方法建立RA大鼠模型后,灌胃给TSPJ 10d,采用冰醋酸致大鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高实验检测TSPJ抗炎效果,测定大鼠巨噬细胞碳清除率、血清IgG、二硝基氟苯诱导的大鼠迟发性超敏反应（DTH）,研究TSPJ对类风湿性关节炎模型大鼠抗炎机制。结果与模型组比较,TSPJ能抑制冰醋酸所致RA大鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的增高,TSPJ对RA大鼠碳清除率无明显影响,能降低RA大鼠血清IgG水平1,00mg/kg TSPJ对DTH反应有抑制作用。结论 TSPJ对RA大鼠有抗炎作用,其机制可能是通过抑制RA大鼠血清IgG水平及DTH反应而实现的。     

大叶黄杨茎皮中化学成分的定性分析

目的对大叶黄杨茎皮中的化学成分进行定性研究。方法采用水提取法、醇提取法和石油醚法提取大叶黄杨茎皮,并对其化学成分进行全面的定性分析。结果及结论大叶黄杨叶片中含有多种化学成分,包括氨基酸、蛋白质、糖类、酚类、有机酸、黄酮、生物碱、强心苷、蒽醌类、内酯、香豆素等。